The Skys the Limit with Airline In-Flight Magazines

The Skys the Limit with Airline In-Flight Magazines Oh, did I mention they pay up to $1/word? Air Canada’s EnRoute magazine pays $1 Canadian/word, for example, and Alaska Airline’s Horizons magazine pays $150 $250 for short articles (300 – 800 words) and $700 for 2,500 word features.  Airline magazines’ web sites don’t make the guidelines easy to find.   Be prepared to hunt and peck.   Here are 10 tips to make your pitch fly:  1.  Ã‚   Consider the airlines’ customer demographics and include in your pitch why your story will appeal to them.   Find the demographics under the â€Å"advertising† section of the magazine’s web site.  2.   If submitting a destination article, make sure the airline flies to that destination!  3.   Pitch â€Å"evergreen† stories, or stories that allow for the magazines’ long lead times.   Time-sensitive events are likely to get your pitch ditched.  4.   Mention if you have accompanying photos. Airline magazines ar e primarily visual vehicles.  5.   Check out the magazine’s editorial calendar, usually found under the â€Å"advertising† section on the web site. You’ll find some surprises!   For example, Alaska Air’s Horizons magazine is publishing a special on Tahiti as a destination in their February 2013 issue.  6.   Keep your story short.   Most pieces are 600 words or less;   â€Å"longer† features usually run under 2,500 words.  7.   Read the magazine! The magazines’ web sites often have archived copies to download. Match their style.  8.   Pitch a specific column. You’ll be more likely to get an assignment if your pitch matches the magazine’s format – and the editor will be more likely to read your pitch if she doesn’t have to guess where it might fit.   Many of the web sites list the specific departments for which the editors solicit submissions.  9.   Keep your ideas positive, not challengi ng. In-flight magazines want to keep their readers calm and relaxed. 10.   Forget poetry, fiction or â€Å"how I spent my summer vacation† travelogues.  OK, where to start?   Here are some on-line resources:  A comprehensive list of 101 in-flight magazines from AirArabia to Wizz Air (many with links directly to the magazine’s web site) is: itravelnet.com/publications/inflightmagazines.html      Many of these web sites have archived copies for your perusal.  Cision Navigator lists the top-ten in-flight magazines http://navigator.cision.com/news/news.aspx?nid=571   United’s Hemispheres leads the list with a circulation of 800,000.  Kelly Kyrik’s excellent article in Writers Weekly lists the needs of 7 major in-flight magazines.   (http://writersweekly.com/this_weeks_article/002792_07062005.html)  So get those fingers flying!  

10 Ways to Render Sentences More Concise

10 Ways to Render Sentences More Concise 10 Ways to Render Sentences More Concise 10 Ways to Render Sentences More Concise By Mark Nichol This post details various strategies for reducing and simplifying sentences. 1. Sentence Combination Avoid consecutive sentences that end and begin, respectively, with the same word or phrase as occurs here: A common way to track the current state of systems is monitoring performance metrics. Performance metrics show how assets are performing at the transaction level. In such cases, replace the period between them with a comma and delete the second iteration of the word or phrase with which: â€Å"A common way to track the current state of systems is monitoring performance metrics, which show how assets are performing at the transaction level.† 2. Condensing by Subordination When a sentence includes two consecutive verb phrases, consider converting one to a subordinate clause. For example, note how the subject of this sentence is followed by two statements of fact: The renowned tea is a symbol of the city’s gracious hospitality and is often served in a glass to display its jade-green color. The first statement can easily be subsumed into the main clause as a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"The renowned tea, a symbol of the city’s gracious hospitality, is often served in a glass to display its jade-green color.† 3. Integration of Clauses Here, an introductory subordinate clause sets up an unnecessarily wordy sentence: For health care entities with similar classes of customers, they may be able to reduce the overall evaluation effort by applying the portfolio approach. The clause is easily integrated into the main clause by omitting for and treating â€Å"health care entities,† rather than they, as the sentence’s subject: â€Å"Health care entities with similar classes of customers may be able to reduce the overall evaluation effort by applying the portfolio approach.† 4. Denominalization Nominalization is the complication of prose by using nouns when employing the verb form of that noun, or revising the sentence to eliminate the need for a noun, produces more clear, concise prose; nouns, of course, are integral to prose but, especially in the case of formal nouns with such elements as -ation, they can be abused in the service of conveying authority. This sentence is not overly formal, but it is wordier than necessary: Furthermore, companies are taking backups of the production applications and storing them for indefinite periods. Denominalization- literally, â€Å"unnaming†- is simply a fancy way of saying â€Å"rephrasing to eliminate nouns.† Note that in this sentence, the noun backups can be converted to a verb, rendering the verb taking superfluous, and the final phrase can be condensed by transforming the adjective indefinite into an adverb, which enables deletion of the noun periods: â€Å"Furthermore, companies are backing up the production applications and storing them indefinitely.† The following sentence is an example of a statement with a double-decker nominalization: Management may find it beneficial to engage in a dialogue on a periodic basis regarding the organization’s policy. As in the previous example, one word easily replaces a phrase- â€Å"on a periodic basis† can be reduced to periodically: â€Å"Management may find it beneficial to periodically engage in a dialogue regarding the organization’s policy.† But further reduction is achieved by replacing the phrase â€Å"engage in a dialogue† with a synonymous word: â€Å"Management may find it beneficial to periodically discuss the organization’s policy.† 5. Employing Terms Rather Than Definitions One strategy to achieve conciseness is to avoid describing something by defining it; note the explanation in the following sentence: He was prone to making embarrassing mistakes in public. Here, the persons behavior can be described with a term that embodies the definition: â€Å"He was prone to committing faux pas.† 6. Deletion of Expletives The expletives â€Å"there is† and â€Å"there are† are poor substitutes for a strong subject; note how the following sentence gets off to a weak start: There are few, if any, finance and accounting departments that are not experiencing some form of extreme change. Expletives need not be excised in every case, but minimize their use by deleting such phrases in favor of the definite noun or noun phrase that follows (and delete the associated that that appears later in the sentence): â€Å"Few, if any, finance and accounting departments are not experiencing some form of extreme change.† 7. Avoiding Tautology Tautology is redundancy or repetition, such as shown here: Could you repeat that again? To repeat is to do something again, so this sentence is equivalent to â€Å"Could you say that again again?† Indicate the action one way or another: â€Å"Could you say that again?† or, more concisely, â€Å"Could you repeat that?† 8. Using Brief Modifiers When modifying a noun to provide more information about it, use a preceding adjective or phrasal adjective rather than an extended phrase following the noun. The following sentence demonstrates use of a verbose modifying phrase: She offered an explanation that was brief and to the point. This sentence can be tightened up by locating the description of the explanation before the noun: â€Å"She offered a brief, to-the-point explanation.† 9. Excising Single Words Sometimes, reducing a sentence by just one word improves it, as shown in the following examples: Rather than assessing all of the contracts, select a representative sample to assess. In the phrase â€Å"all of,† of is generally superfluous: â€Å"Rather than assessing all the contracts, select a representative sample to assess.† How is technology helping to change the way elderly people are cared for? In the phrase â€Å"helping to,† to is extraneous: How is technology helping change the way elderly people are cared for? That is the most annoying error I have ever seen, and also the most prevalent. Also, when it immediately follows and, is redundant: That is the most annoying error I have ever seen, and the most prevalent. 10. Avoiding Prolixity Refrain from florid, verbose descriptions. The following sentence is an extreme example of self-indulgent wordiness, but unless one is deliberately prolix in the service of humor, be vigilant about reining in excessively ornate prose: One might with the utmost confidence essay to prevail in a debate in which one asserts that possessing one’s own means of vehicular conveyance offers one greater flexibility than public transportation provides in the matter of travel to one’s place of learning or employment or to social occasions. Pare such overly complicated composition: â€Å"It’s easy to win an argument that having one’s own car makes it easier to get to school or work or to meet friends than if one uses public transportation.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives Disappointed + PrepositionCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Modular Integrated Manufacturing Systems (MISS) Essay

Modular Integrated Manufacturing Systems (MISS) - Essay Example This means they have to increase efficiency in the manufacture of their products, maintain good quality and make reasonable profit just to stay ahead of the others in the game. With this in mind, SMEs is embracing methods of improving manufacturing through different methods among which specialized designing and modular designing. Unlike specialized designing which is customized for a specific SME, modular designing involves the combination of standard components together to form a complete system that functions as desired by the manufacturer. This method offers a variety of options for the SME to choose from since standard components are in abundance in the market, thus making many modular designs available. However, one must research which of the many is best suited for the business. The best way to solve this is developing a Modular Integrated Systems Strategy (MISS) framework to help in the selection. This paper will look at the best way for SMEs to integrate formulation of a manu facturing strategy through MISS. Given that there are several types of modular design methods, only six of them are considered as standard. These include component sharing, component swapping, cut-to-fit mix bus and sectional modularity as illustrated in the figure below. All these forms of modularity are visible in our day to day lives in their simplest forms. Workmen’s tool kits with drills, sanders and jigsaws are one example. In terms of component sharing modularity, these tools are designed to use the same battery pack between them and the drill head being switched for a sander is an example of component swapping modularity. Bus modularity is used in the communication system of telephones through switchboards and cut-to-fit in the tailoring industry for custom fit clothes. The best example of sectional modularity is best brought out by the LEGO Â ® Company in making blocks that stack in any direction (The Daily Module, 2014). These forms of

I think that Television technologie have the greatest impact on global Research Paper

I think that Television technologie have the greatest impact on global communications for these reasons - Research Paper Example In the current world people are enjoying the evolution of flat screens, and the technology of 3D. Viewers enjoy better view and the industry will be big in the future. Most of the duties performed by television industries are unique like broadcasting football matches from different part of the earth. The introduction of big flat and colored televisions are making individuals enjoy when watching football matches unlike before when everything broadcasted by televisions were only in black and white. International relations is the relationship between countries in the world. This relationship is based on mutual respect. This is because every country in the world is a sovereign state. International relations has facilitated a lot of things in the world; the growth and development of the international market depends highly on the international relations between different states of the world (Wilkins, 2001). Evolution of Television Opt electric Transformation This was the first of the serie s of the nineteenth-century discoveries which finally became the basis of television discovery. This process which leads to changes of behavior of electrons caused by variations in amount of light illuminating a given material. This process was very instrumental in the development of the television (Todorivic, 14). ... For it to be possible to reproduce all the tones from black to white passing by different shades of gray, the light source was expected to be able to change its intensity several hundred times in the course of one television line, and this was to be during the 60th of the duration of one picture ( Todorivic, 17). The Cathode-Ray Tube More research in the development of television shows that Nipkow disk was not a perfect solution for the display of transmitted moving images. By the end of nineteenth century cathode-ray tube was developed which became the essential and basic television display device (Todorivic, 17). Discovery and development of the television have had several advantages to the world. Television can be used for entertainment and as well as educational uses. Television is one source of informing whereby broadcast news and weather stations help in keeping people updated about the current events. This helps people in knowing what is happening around them before they make some decisions or adjustments to fit in the updates received from the television. Television can be used for educating purposes. Through the programs casted by the television and adverts individuals are able to learn new things through this channel of communication. When families sit together to watch different programs, this helps in creating a strong family bond because as people watch they share a lot about what they are watching (Anthony, 2007). Complex TV shows or movies requires a great deal of intelligence to comprehend the story line of the show or movie. The current TV stations not only bring comedy, drama and action to their viewers but also they have been bringing some programs

Ethical Issues In The ICU Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues In The ICU Essay Medical practitioners are faced with the challenge of making decisions on whether to withhold or withdraw a patient’s life sustaining therapy in the intensive care unit. Intensive care units are departments which provide high quality and advanced forms of therapies to very ill patients in the intensive care unit at an increased cost. These patients’ expectations are high with regard to modern medicine, and as a result, have led to the rise of complex ethical issues in the ICU. Clinicians managing patients in the intensive care unit face many ethical problems during the patient’s routine care. This is seen in cases of withholding life sustaining therapy, withdrawing life sustaining therapy, informed consent and making decisions that affect the patients. Introduction Ethical related issues in the intensive care unit are a dilemma facing medical practitioners and nurses. This has affected the quality of care given to the patients in the ICU. Nurses responsible for caring for critically ill patients are faced with many ethical problems in the ICU due to the lack of enough full time critical care personnel and lack of enough funds to facilitate and run the intensive care units. A guideline on ethical issues in the intensive care unit demands that nurses offering critical care to patients apply the care with humanity by showing respect for the emotions and choices of the patients and their families. Nurses in this field are required to provide all necessary information to the patients and the family, counsel them and assist in interpreting the results so they can make well informed decisions. Nurses must consult with all physicians involved in the patients’ management. ethical problems facing nurses in he intensive care unit range from aggressive forms of treatment, following the wishes of the patients families to using extreme forms of reducing pain and assisted suicide and euthanasia.. Care of patients in the intensive care units involves aggressive forms of treatments with high risks associated with them and high-tech modern medicine which has higher risks than improving the patients’ prognosis. Critically ill patients and terminally ill patients who should be left to die in the comfort of their homes like in the earlier days are now made to undergo last minute aggressive treatments which may end up being no significant. In such cases when the treatment fails and the patient dies, the patients’ family blames the nurses and doctors for being insensitive to their wishes. Nurses are faced with the burden of not knowing where to draw the line between extending the natural process of dying by applying aggressive forms of medical care and when to apply life support systems. Ethics require that medical practitioners and nurses put the interests of their patients and their families’ first rather than applying futile medical technology to save the life of the patient or prolong their dying process against the family’s wishes. Nurses in the care of critically ill patients are required to set proper goals and interventions for terminal are of patients. End of life decisions should be made after consensus with all involved physicians. Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit get the most complex forms of treatment even in cases where their prognosis is poor. These patients also die under the most undesirable situations such as comatose conditions or under ventilatory support. Research studies have shown that critically ill patients are put through very aggressive forms of treatment which the clinicians would not want to undergo. The same studies have shown that the majority of patients in the intensive care unit are on a life-limiting care. Only very few patients in the intensive care unit receive full life support treatment and CPR. Most nurses and medical care givers are faced with the burden of choosing whether to resuscitate a patient or not when their prognosis is poor. Categories of ethical problems Cost reduction Critical care of patients in the intensive care unit is the most expensive form of treatment. Critical patients who die are said to accumulate more expenses than those who survive. This is because aggressive modern medicine for sustaining life is very expensive. Due to this the standard of care give in intensive care units has deteriorated as it focuses more on cost reduction rather than provision of quality health care. Medical care providers are often faced with the burden of how to establish when to provide full life support to patients and when to withdraw life sustaining support. These decisions are usually based on the patient’s age, type of illness or their prognosis. In effect the medical care providers are influenced to make biased decisions. Defining the standards of care to be given in the intensive care units is based on reducing the incurred costs. (Lo B. (2005). Quality of care Most health care institutions have developed strategies of limiting life support on critically ill patients. Families of critical patients may wish to write do not Resuscitate orders if their patient’s rate of survival is low. In case this is done, this category of patients receives less attention from medical personnel and less care from nurses. Strategies of limiting life support have been based on the patients’ age, prognosis and the family wishes. Patients who are categorized as old and with a poor prognosis tend to get less attention from the medical care providers and the care given to them is of less quality. Rather that receiving actual medical care these patients are given sedatives and narcotic analgesia. Terminally ill patients receive fewer medical interventions before death and are usually given narcotic analgesics to mitigate pain and sedatives to reduce their suffering. Ethical guidelines urge that all patients be given quality care irrespective of their condition but medical care providers often base their interventions on biased decisions. The concept of futility Medical care providers use the concept of futile therapy to withhold or withdraw life sustaining treatment. In the clinical practice very few things are of absolute certainty and so physicians must avoid making decisions based on the futility of the treatment. The outcome of CPR application cannot be based on whether the patients’ family signed the Do not Resuscitate order. Every other patient in the intensive care unit should be given quality care based on facts rather than assumptions. Decisions on withholding or withdrawing life support should be discussed with the patients or with their family members. This expresses respect for their rights and wishes and helps in avoiding conflicts which may lead to legal litigations. The medical personnel are faced with a dilemma in cases where the patient’s prognosis is poor and extending the natural process of dying through aggressive treatment would be futile. In such cases some family members could insist on sustaining the patients’ life. The medical personnel thus have no option in deciding what is best for the patient. Putting such a patient through aggressive treatment enables the family to understand the realities of the concept on withholding or withdrawing the life support. Autonomy This principle demands that no form of treatment should be administered to patients without their own approval or that of their family members, except in cases of emergency where immediate intervention is required. Patients and their families have the right to disapprove any form of treatment and their wishes should be respected. These wishes should be indicated on a written consent in form of advance directive. However, when writing the directive the patient may not have anticipated his present condition or he may decide to change his mind. Medical personnel are thus faced with burden of making the best decision for the patient by putting the patient’s interests first. In the intensive care unit, medical personnel deciding whether to apply CPR on a patient with a good prognosis or to follow his family wishes to withdraw life support. The reliability of family members to represent the best interests of the patients is questionable because some family members may want to withdraw the patient’s life support for their own selfish interests. As a result, doctors and nurses are required to make the best decision for the patient irrespective of the family’s wishes. (Pozgar G. D (2005). Euthanasia and assisted suicide Euthanasia is whereby a medical care provider administers a lethal dose to the patient while in assisted suicide the killing drug is self administered by the patient with the help of a physician. This practice is no widespread, although physicians all over the world are engaging in the practice. They justify their actions as a form of relieving their patients from pain and suffering. In some cases patients do not give consent for euthanasia but still physicians practice it. Most family members choose terminal sedation whereby patients are put in a comatose condition and then food and water is withdrawn. (Morton P. G (2005) Organ donation Patients in the intensive care unit requiring critical care may require an organ transplant to assist in sustaining their life. Patients and family members might have advance directives which disapprove the idea of organ transplants. Medical care givers have a difficult time determining whether a patient should receive an organ donation or not. Performing an organ transplant without the patients or family’s consent could lead to a legal litigation. (Melia K. M (2004). The principle of beneficence In this situation the medical care provider is faced with a moral dilemma in making the best decision fro the patient with regard to his interests rather than those of the family. The role of a physician to apply his best judgement for the patient’s interest is hindered by the patients’ family which rejects the concept of futility. Such family members impose unreasonable demands on the physician to extend the natural process of dying. This only prolongs the patient’s pain and suffering. Medical personnel should therefore be able to make the best decisions for the patients. Ethical issues in the nursing field hinder the ability of physicians to administer quality medical care to critical patients in the intensive care unit.  Physicians are urged to shoe humanity and compassion when applying intensive care to critical patients. Nurses and doctors should set goals and objectives when giving end of life care to patients with both good and poor prognosis. In regard to ethical issues in the intensive care unit, medical care givers should know that their duties are both directed towards the patients and the families. Before carrying out any medical treatment and procedure, nurses and doctors should obtain written consents form patients or their immediate family members to avoid ethical dilemmas which may lead to legal litigations.

Priorities and Hunting in Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

" We can help them find us. We must make a fire."(P. 41). While the boys were making huts for shelter, Jack was off hunting instead of helping with the huts. All he cared about was that the boys needed meat, which was indeed true, but they also needed shelter. As Ralph, Piggy and Simon are working on a shelter they are listening to, " And then," said Jack, " when I've had a bathe and something to eat I'll just trek over to the other side of the mountain and see if I can see any traces. Coming?"(P.62). In the beginning, the boys got along great, but I think that it works against each other. Ralph and Jack get along so good that when things get kind of bad it just goes way bad. "Almost too heavy." Jack grinned back. "Not for the two of us."(P. 43). The book starts by Ralph and Piggy meeting in the jungle of a stranded island. They wander to the beach wondering if there is any other kids on the beach. When they find a shell , "the conch", they blow into it and make a bellowing sound. At the sound of the "conch", every boy, big and small, comes to the beach. Along with a group of boys is Jack Merridew, the leader of a choir. When the assembly begins, they decide that they want a chief. The kids all believe that the boy with the "conch" should be chief. They also decide that there is no "beastie", which Jack also obsesses about hunting and takes much of his attention. Immidiatly Jack is offended and has something against Ralph, even though he seems to hide his jealosy. When Jack's obsession for hunting overrides all other reality he decides to start his own tribe. Many of the boys choose to follow. One night when they have a feast over a dead sow of the tribe a figure considered to be the beast is beaten and stabbed with spears. It was really Simon. The ones who don't join the tribe are now the outcasts of the island. One night Jack and two of his tribe members raid the huts of Ralph, Piggy and Samneric. They stole Piggy's glasses, which only had one glass anyway, now making him blind in both eyes. The next day Ralph, Piggy and Samneric travel to the other side of the Island to get the glasses back.

American films Essay

be at work making sure he works his ass off to get us where we are now. Although I don’t see him most of the time during my childhood, and he missed almost every one of my birthday’s I can never be mad at him for it. Something I most admire my father for is the fact he gave up his family and life he had back in the islands to support his daughter and pregnant wife, which changed all our lives. As soon as he joined the military he flew us 2 kids and my mother out to America to see our new house in Hawaii. The day we all came to America was the day we left behind the poverty and worries back in Samoa. Since that day, I have always respected my father. Even though I sometimes abhor is actions towards discipline, I constantly think back to the days we had it rough and who it was that became our hero from there on out. Without his decisions on coming to America and toward his responsibilities, I wouldn’t have had hope in finding a future for myself back in the islands . Because of my father’s life changing choices, I am living a life of a lifetime; a humble lifestyle.

History of Capitalism

It seems that in the United States of America Capitalism streams with grace. For me capitalism seems to be the best way for an economy to grow. Some may say, capitalism is unfair in terms of competition and giving the best possible price to the consumer. Or that capitalism creates classes where â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer†. I†m no doctor of the economy, or a spokesperson for all of America, but I feel that company†s can be more profitable both in an economic and a personal standpoint by running a business based on capitalism. Looking at the predicament with competition, from most of my experiences at this stage of life for me, competition has done great things in terms of making products cheaper for me. For example, the computer hardware business, I built a computer one year ago using an Intel Pentium II 300mhz processor. I paid $520 for the motherboard and processor. Since AMD (a competitor of Intel) came out with the AMD K-6-2 processor, Intel†s prices have dropped considerably. As a matter of fact, I was on the Internet just yesterday and saw that I could by an Intel Pentium II 333mhz processor and a motherboard for just $335. It†s just too bad that I couldn†t say the same for Microsoft†s prices. But that topic alone could spawn a novel. I think that of late, many Americans have less faith in their government than they did 50 years ago. And having the government control the country†s industry would create all kinds of dilemmas. I was thinking about the statement â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer† and also about capitalism creating economic classes among society. Again, I†m not a economics major, so the next few statements are going to be based on my assumption that – the difference between say, a doctors salary and a janitors salary in a capitalist economy would be much more significant than in a socialist economy. With that being said, I think that a capitalist economy can promote much more motivation for self improvement and fulfillment than a socialist economy can provide. Lets say you went to college for four, six, or even eight years to be a business executive. And the guy pushing the mail cart who, perhaps, dropped out of school in the 11th grade, was pulling in about the same amount as you are, now what†s that going to do for your motivation or dignity for that matter? Why bother going through all that work and mental stress when we can be lackadaisical and unproductive but still receive the same opportunities and benefits as the executives (kind of like Union workers – Just Kidding)? The point I†m trying to make is, most people like rewards, and most people like accomplishment. It just seems that capitalism can offer more to the society and its individuals by allowing them to set and work towards goals. Plus by providing a good standard of living for workers I think capitalism helps to allow people to gain confidence in their government. Getting away form capitalism, there are a lot of stupid and foolish laws that exist today but most are ethical. It appears that what is an ethical guideline for most of us today, often will be translated to law or regulation some time in the future. I find it strange how ethics and morals are learned. I mean, I feel that I am a fairly ethical person, especially in public places like, work or school. A little common sense can get you the basics of morals and ethics. In the work place, attention to the ethics beyond the basics looks to be deteriorated for many companies and employees for that matter. Consequently, it looks like there is no clear moral conductor to guide upper management about what is right or wrong. But, for me its confusing to learn because there are so many different ways to look at ethics, similar to religion, how do you know really what style is best for you and your surroundings, or maybe, the best is a little of each?

Impact of Gender Difference on Leadership Styles

Impact of Gender Difference on Leadership Styles Introduction Societies are characterized by a number of identities that classify people into groups. Gender has been identified as one of the major basis upon which people are classified and treatments and recognitions are then accorded according to gender. Gender is defined as the identification of an individual as either a male or a female.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Gender Difference on Leadership Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Establishment of norms in societies that over time defined the roles of each gender led to drawn lines on how each gender was to be treated and the kind of positions that could be held by each gender affecting relations even in workplaces. This paper seeks to discuss the Impacts of gender differences on leadership styles. The paper will look into leadership styles as employed by either gender to identify differences in application of the styles by both male and femal e leaders. Difference in Gender Leadership Styles Leadership Model The way in which both men and women operate in organizational set ups has been identified to differ with either gender experiencing different traits from the other. Leadership model has for instance been one of the avenues upon which the leadership styles between the masculine gender and the feminine gender has been realized. Consideration of the leadership model also offers a view of the two genders as either dynamic or conservative parties. While the masculine gender is culturally associated with ancient leadership styles, the feminine gender has been significantly associated with a new approach to leadership. A review of the old model and the new model of leadership, for instance, gives a revelation of the difference in the styles. Approach to how things are handled under the two genders is, for example, completely different. While a management headed by a man will be based on competition, that headed by a woman w ill be based more on cooperation. A masculine leader who is in most cases result oriented will establish his focus on individual personalities who can help the organization or the team to achieve its goals and objectives. This can lead into individual focus with other subordinates being ignored. A feminine leadership is on the other hand based on effective coordination of all subordinates to ensure that any achievement that is made is attributed to the effort of each and every individual. This thus establishes a major difference in the leadership styles that impact on the subordinates. While the masculine gender will lead to the development of the competitive individuals at the expense of the remaining population, the feminine gender ensures that the whole population grows together through interactions that promote interpersonal learning. The way in which managements are organized with respect to the two genders also illustrates a difference.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The masculine gender has for instance been associated with a clearly defined hierarchal leadership that illustrates positions in the structure while the feminine group is more of inclined to team work in which every person is considered to be equal with same input to the group. The main drives in leadership among the two groups are also different. The masculine group is normally particular of being identified as the winners in the dealings that they undertake. They as a result can make sacrifices to attain this goal in most cases. Contrary to this opinion, the feminine group are more of focused on the output of the transaction rather that being considered as a winner in a process. This describes the man to be more of interested in quantity achievements that are publicly visible while the female gender is more of concerned with qualitative achievements that can be derived f rom undertakings (MacGregor, 2000). The difference in leadership styles are also significantly realized in terms exhibited characteristics of the two groups that have been noted over time. Following their preference of the structure of leadership according to gender, the masculine are more of possessed with elements of control over their subordinates, an element that leads to a clear definition of power along a structure. This provides for submissive subordinates that are totally controlled by the leadership. On the contrary, the feminine is not concerned with controlling people but rather on the influence that facilitates corporation into team work. Emotions also draw a line between the two managements. There is an established emotional attachment between a female leader and her subordinates that is normally associated with sympathy and even personal involvement of the leader on what the subordinates are going through. This is further identified with a high level of team work coope ration leading to high standard output. Men on the other hand lack emotional attachment and handles subordinates on the basis of set standards upon which they are evaluated. The mode of application of authority also forms a basis for classifying a leadership as either feminine or masculine. Though the element of power is normally associated with both leaderships, the masculine leadership uses the power to dictate how things are supposed to be done. It established an authority that is considered to be paramount. The feminine leadership on the other hand views power in terms of influence on people. In this way, a direction is established without dictatorship and motivational elements are realized (MacGregor, 2000). Command and Control verses Interactive Leadership The leadership styles that are have been realized among men and women differ across the line of command and authoritative approach. The leadership by men has been identified to be full of authoritativeness. Women leaders on the other hand form a base that depends on interaction with team members for the attainment of their objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Gender Difference on Leadership Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The interactive leadership style which has been associated with the general characteristics of the feminine gender has particular features that are culturally possessed by women and somehow lacking in men. Communication skills for example is instrumental in women as it enable them to pay attention, to listen to their subordinates and to eventually associate with the problems that are realized under them. This offers them a leadership advantage that is derived from the confidence that they win from the subordinates and the subsequent level of influence that is obtained. Impatience in men on the contrary fails to induce this influence and in most cases, where authority fails to lead, the feminin e leadership is realized to prevail. Apart from the difference realized due to communication skills, the capacity to reconcile conflicting parties is also realized to be more among women leaders as compared to men. While playing a middle ground such as a mediator needs a soft approach that is rich in influence, the male approach to leadership will miss the objective of influencing the conflicting parties to hit a compromise through sacrifices from either side and authoritatively impose a decision on the individuals. The male approach to leadership will contrary to reconciling the parties cause more rifts. The two genders are also different in the way in which they handle people. While women have a rich value in the manner in which they relate to other people creating a cohesive environment for collaboration, men leaders lack the concept (Muse, n.d.). The interactive leadership that is associated with the feminine gender is also characterized with features that promote individual inp ut into teamwork. The features that are illustrated about the feminine leader establish a ground on which every subordinate is made comfortable under the leadership. The level of motivation that is achieved from personal relation with the interactive leader also empowers the team members to greater individual and collective output. While the masculine leadership was a traditionally developed leadership approach in its originality, feminine leadership approach is identified to have been pushed by the weak nature of women. The fact that women are traditionally perceived to assume the features of being â€Å"cooperative, supportive, understanding, gentle and to provide services to other people† (Muse, n.d., p. 1), they were not able to adjust into the traditional leadership type that needed contrary characteristics to theirs. As a result, the interactive leadership developed as women got into leadership responsibilities. The history of the two leadership styles therefore also di stinguishes them (Muse, n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transformational verses Transactional Leadership Leadership difference as realized between the masculine and the feminine groups can also be classified as either transformational or transactional along the gender lines. Following the passionate features of women, the female leaders adopts influence as a leadership tool that in turn changes team members to change their interest from being self centered into being focused on the achievements of the group. Leadership by men on the other hand has a lot of formalities in which the subordinates are offered rewards based on what they give to the organization. It thus has a lot of formalities that may not encourage or inspire people out of the management’s normalcy. Punishments that are in addition realized over mistakes made under the masculine transactional approach also presents a lot of limitation to workers due to fear of making mistakes to penalties (Muse, n.d.). Diversity to Feminine’s Advantage The trend of results as illustrated by research has also been revealing a significant element over the difference in leadership among the feminine and the masculine. The two groups are identified to have been different from each other on the natural basis of diversity. This difference which has been associated with both genetic and social factors shapes both the masculine and the feminine to adopting their diversified characteristics in the environment. Engagement in leadership by individuals thus reveals the diversity as properties of the leaders are forced into application. The association of particular leadership styles by gender which also shapes the input which such leaders can make to an organization is also a factor for consideration in relation to leadership difference. Contributions that can be made by a woman in a given organization are thus different from those which a man can offer under similar circumstances. It is with this respect that leadership as offered by women has come to be realized i n the corporate world. The changing trends in business operations that has required particular leadership skills has indicated the difference in leadership styles across the gender lines since the leadership styles are similarly identified with particular management needs most of which are identified to be better performed by women. According to peter, philosophical views have in particular indicated that the leadership style that is currently required based on the needs by organizations are more of inclined to the nature of women. The strategic approach to leadership that requires a long term visionary leaders is for instance more easily identified with women rather than with men. Other features of leadership as demanded for by the current environment that calls for the building of strong links between individuals working together has also been critical in the subject of leadership difference by gender. There exists for this reason an element of natural selection into leadership al ong gender lines. An organization which has for instance identified its goals to be long term and teams being the basis for its success will most likely go for a woman in leadership in order to capitalize on attaining the organization’s objectives. The emergence of women in leadership positions as realized in the currently developing trends is the result of such difference in leadership styles and the corresponding needs in management. This difference has been so significant with some experts claiming that under normal circumstances in which both men and women have same qualifications, then women will no doubt beat men out of leadership in professional fields, both public and private sectors. The change in the environment that has required different leadership styles from those that have in the past been offered by men is thus shifting attention to the characteristics that are in general exhibited by women. Based of their natural values, the women have been favored by the cur rent needs in leadership which has exposed the difference in character between the masculine population and the feminine group (Kelley, 1997). Difference in leadership styles as illustrated according to gender is also attributable to the way in which gender has in itself affected leadership. Though some researchers have established the ground that the difference in leadership styles as realized by the different gender is more of a consequence, there are opinions that it is the gender factor that has driven the changes that are being realized across the gender divide. Sociological factors have been significantly identified to have driven the change in leadership styles that has favored the feminine gender. Based on their capacity to easily socialize, women have shown more tendencies to fit in the models that are outlined by organizations for their operations. This has made women to be more compatible with the currently developed structures and outlined behavior as required by organiz ation. The difference as realized between men and women which has made women to be favorites in fitting into organizational structures have thus given women the opportunity to use their traits to transform leadership styles (Grant, 2008). There is however still some researchers who believe that there is no significant difference in leadership along genders lines. They argue that roles that are stipulated by management are quite strong to allow behavioral elements to shape leadership (Chrisler NcCreary, 2010). Recommendation Though the difference in leadership style exist between the masculine and the feminine on the basis of cultural considerations and individual personalities to exhibit the feminine category as a preference in the current leadership demand, gender sensitivity and balance still calls for inclusion of men in leadership. An integration of leadership is recommended to blend the features exhibited by the two groups as well as training the masculine group to adjust to t he properties that are exhibited by the feminine. Conclusion The difference which is realized in leadership along gender lines are a result of cultural instilled properties on women according to norms of societies. Improvements can thus be made by training men on the same. References Chrisler, J NcCreary, D. (2010). Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology, Volume 2. Toronto, Canada: Springer. Grant, K. (2008). Fourth European conference on management, leadership and governance. London, UK: Academic Conferences Limited. Kelley, M. (1997). Gender difference and leadership, a study. AU.AF. Web. MacGregor, M. (2000). Gender difference: a worksheet on leadership styles. Fasten Network. Web. Muse, M. (n.d.). Leadership, barriers and styles. Google Docs. Web.

Women in Congress - List of US Congresswomen

Women in Congress - List of US Congresswomen More than 200 women have served in the United States House of Representatives. From 1789 to 1916, the House was all - male. Following is an index of the women whove been Representatives - sometimes called Congresswomen or Congressmen - beginning with the first in 1917. They are listed by the year they first took office. Jeannette Rankin Republican - MontanaServed: 1917 - 1919, 1941 - 1943 About Jeannette RankinCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Alice Mary Robertson Republican - OklahomaServed: 1921 - 1923 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Winnifred S. Huck Republican - IllinoisServed: 1922 - 1923 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mae Ella Nolan Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1923 - 1925 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Florence P. Kahn Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1925 - 1937 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary T. Norton Democrat - New JerseyServed: 1925 - 1951 Mary Norton QuoteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Edith Nourse Rogers Republican - MassachusettsServed: 1925 - 1960 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Katherine Gudger Langley Republican - KentuckyServed: 1927 - 1931 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ruth Hanna McCormick Republican - IllinoisServed: 1929 - 1931 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Pearl Oldfield Democrat - ArkansasServed: 1929 - 1931 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ruth Bryan Owen Democrat - FloridaServed: 1929 - 1933 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ruth Sears Pratt Republican - New YorkServed: 1929 - 1933 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Effiegene Locke Wingo Democrat - ArkansasServed: 1930 - 1933 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Willa McCord Blake Eslick Democrat - TennesseeServed: 1932 - 1933 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marian Williams Clarke Republican - New YorkServed: 1933 - 1935 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kathryn OLoughlin McCarthy Democrat - KansasServed: 1933 - 1935 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Isabella S. Greenway Democrat - ArizonaServed: 1933 - 1937 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Virginia Ellis Jenckes Democrat - IndianaServed: 1933 - 1939 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Caroline ODay Democrat - New YorkServed: 1935 - 1943 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nan Wood Honeyman Democrat - OregonServed: 1937 - 1939 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Elizabeth H. Gasque Democrat - South CarolinaServed: 1938 - 1939 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Clara G. McMillan Democrat - South CarolinaServed: 1939 - 1941 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jessie Sumner Republican - IllinoisServed: 1939 - 1947 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Florence Reville Gibbs Democrat - GeorgiaServed: 1940 - 1941 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Margaret Chase Smith Republican - MaineServed: 1940 - 1949 Margaret Chase Smith QuotesCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Frances Payne Bolton Republican - OhioServed: 1940 - 1969 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Katharine Edgar Byron Democrat - MarylandServed: 1941 - 1943 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Veronica Grace Boland Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 1942 - 1943 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Winifred Claire Stanley Republican - New YorkServed: 1943 - 1945 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Clare Boothe Luce Republican - ConnecticutServed: 1943 - 1947 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Willa Lybrand Fulmer Democrat - South CarolinaServed: 1944 - 1945 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Emily Taft Douglas Democrat - IllinoisServed: 1945 - 1947 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Chase Going Woodhouse Democrat - ConnecticutServed: 1945 - 1947, 1949 - 1951 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Helen Gahagan Douglas Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1945 - 1951 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Helen Douglas Mankin Democrat - GeorgiaServed: 1946 - 1947 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Eliza Jane Pratt Democrat - North CarolinaServed: 1946 - 1947 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Georgia Lee Lusk Democrat - New MexicoServed: 1947 - 1949 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Katharine St. George Republican - New YorkServed: 1947 - 1965 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Reva Beck Bosone Democrat - UtahServed: 1949 - 1953 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Cecil Murray Harden Republican - IndianaServed: 1949 - 1959 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Edna Flannery Kelly Democrat - New YorkServed: 1949 - 1969 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Vera Daerr Buchanan Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 1951 - 1955 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ruth Thompson Republican - MichiganServed: 1951 - 1957 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marguerite Stitt Church Republican - IllinoisServed: 1951 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Maude Elizabeth Kee Democrat - West VirginiaServed: 1951 - 1965 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Gracie Bowers Pfost Democrat - IdahoServed: 1953 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Leonor K. Sullivan Democrat - MissouriServed: 1953 - 1977 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary E. (Betty) Farrington Republican - HawaiiServed: 1954 - 1957 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Coya Knutson Democrat - MinnesotaServed: 1955 - 1959 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Iris Faircloth Blitch Democrat - GeorgiaServed: 1955 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Edith Starrett Green Democrat - OregonServed: 1955 - 1974 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Martha Wright Griffiths Democrat - MichiganServed: 1955 - 1974 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kathryn E. Granahan Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 1956 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Florence P. Dwyer Republican - New JerseyServed: 1957 - 1973 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Edna O. Simpson Republican - IllinoisServed: 1959 - 1961 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jessica McCullough Weis Republican - New YorkServed: 1959 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Catherine Dean May Republican - WashingtonServed: 1959 - 1971 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Julia Butler Hansen Democrat - WashingtonServed: 1960 - 1974 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Catherine D. Norrell Democrat - ArkansasServed: 1961 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Louise G. Reece Republican - TennesseeServed: 1961 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Corinne Boyd Riley Democrat - South CarolinaServed: 1962 - 1963 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Charlotte T. Reid Republican - IllinoisServed: 1963 - 1971 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Irene Bailey Baker Republican - TennesseeServed: 1964 - 1965 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Patsy T. Mink Democrat - HawaiiServed: 1965 - 1977, 1990 - 2002 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lera Millard Thomas Democrat - TexasServed: 1966 - 1967 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Margaret M. Heckler Republican - MassachusettsServed: 1967 - 1983 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Shirley Anita Chisholm Democrat - New YorkServed: 1969 - 1983 About Shirley ChisholmShirley Chisholm QuotesCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Louise Day Hicks Democrat - MassachusettsServed: 1971 - 1973 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ella Tambussi Grasso Democrat - ConnecticutServed: 1971 - 1975 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Bella Savitzky Abzug Democrat - New YorkServed: 1971 - 1977 About Bella AbzugBella Abzug QuotesCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Elizabeth Bullock Andrews Democrat - AlabamaServed: 1972 - 1973 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Yvonne Brathwaite Burke Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1973 - 1979 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara Jordan Democrat - TexasServed: 1973 - 1979 About Barbara JordanBarbara Jordan QuotesCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Elizabeth Holtzman Democrat - New YorkServed: 1973 - 1981 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marjorie Sewell Holt Republican - MarylandServed: 1973 - 1987 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Corinne Claiborne (Lindy) Boggs Democrat - LouisianaServed: 1973 - 1991 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Cardiss Collins Democrat - IllinoisServed: 1973 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Patricia S. Schroeder Democrat - ColoradoServed: 1973 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Martha Elizabeth Keys Democrat - KansasServed: 1975 - 1979 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Helen Stevenson Meyner Democrat - New JerseyServed: 1975 - 1979 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Shirley N. Pettis Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1975 - 1979 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Gladys Noon Spellman Democrat - MarylandServed: 1975 - 1981 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Millicent Fenwick Republican - New JerseyServed: 1975 - 1983 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Virginia Dodd Smith Republican - NebraskaServed: 1975 - 1991 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marilyn Lloyd Democrat - TennesseeServed: 1975 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara Ann Mikulski Democrat - MarylandServed: 1977 - 1987 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary Rose Oakar Democrat - OhioServed: 1977 - 1993 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Geraldine Anne Ferraro Democrat - New YorkServed: 1979 - 1985 About Geraldine FerraroCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Beverly Butcher Byron Democrat - MarylandServed: 1979 - 1993 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Olympia Jean Snowe Republican - MaineServed: 1979 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Bobbi Fiedler Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1981 - 1987 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lynn Martin Republican - IllinoisServed: 1981 - 1991 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Claudine Schneider Republican - Rhode IslandServed: 1981 - 1991 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Margaret (Marge) Roukema Republican - New JerseyServed: 1981 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jean Spencer Ashbrook Republican - OhioServed: 1982 - 1983 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Katie Beatrice Hall Democrat - IndianaServed: 1982 - 1985 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara B. Kennelly Democrat - ConnecticutServed: 1982 - 1999 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Sala Galante Burton Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1983 - 1987 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara Boxer Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1983 - 1993 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara F. Vucanovich Republican - NevadaServed: 1983 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nancy L. Johnson Republican - ConnecticutServed: 1983 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marcia C. (Marcy) Kaptur Democrat - OhioServed: 1983 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Catherine S. Long Democrat - LouisianaServed: 1985 - 1987 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Helen Delich Bentley Republican - MarylandServed: 1985 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jan L. Meyers Republican - KansasServed: 1985 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Patricia F. Saiki Republican - HawaiiServed: 1987 - 1991 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Elizabeth J. Patterson Democrat - South CarolinaServed: 1987 - 1993 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Constance A. Morella Republican - MarylandServed: 1987 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nancy Pelosi Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1987 - Present About Nancy PelosiNancy Pelosi QuotesOfficial WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Louise M. Slaughter Democrat - New YorkServed: 1987 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jill L. Long Democrat - IndianaServed: 1989 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jolene Unsoeld Democrat - WashingtonServed: 1989 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nita M. Lowey Democrat - New YorkServed: 1989 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ileana Ros - Lehtinen Republican - FloridaServed: 1989 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Susan Molinari Republican - New YorkServed: 1990 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Joan Kelly Horn Democrat - MissouriServed: 1991 - 1993 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara-Rose Collins Democrat - MichiganServed: 1991 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Rosa DeLauro Democrat - ConnecticutServed: 1991 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Eleanor Holmes Norton Democrat - The District Of ColumbiaServed: 1991 - Present Eleanor Holmes Norton QuoteOfficial WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Maxine Waters Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1991 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Eva M. Clayton Democrat - North CarolinaServed: 1992 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Corrine Brown Democrat - FloridaServed: 1993 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Leslie L. Byrne Democrat - VirginiaServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Maria E. Cantwell Democrat - WashingtonServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Karan English Democrat - ArizonaServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lynn Schenk Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Karen Shepherd Democrat - UtahServed: 1993 - 1995 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Blanche Lambert Lincoln Democrat - ArkansasServed: 1993 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Elizabeth Furse Democrat - OregonServed: 1993 - 1999 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jane F. Harman Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1993 - 1999, 2001 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Patsy Ann Danner Democrat - MissouriServed: 1993 - 2001 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Tillie Kidd Fowler Republican - FloridaServed: 1993 - 2001 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Carrie P. Meek Democrat - FloridaServed: 1993 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Karen L. Thurman Democrat - FloridaServed: 1993 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Cynthia McKinney Democrat - GeorgiaServed: 1993 - 2003, 2005 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jennifer Dunn Republican - WashingtonServed: 1993 - 2005 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Anna Georges Eshoo Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1993 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Eddie Bernice Johnson Democrat - TexasServed: 1993 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Carolyn B. Maloney Democrat - New YorkServed: 1993 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Deborah Pryce Republican - OhioServed: 1993 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lucille Roybal-Allard Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1993 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nydia M. Velzquez Democrat - New YorkServed: 1993 - Present Official WebsiteWomen in Congress Biography Lynn C. Woolsey Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1993 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Enid Greene Waldholtz Republican - UtahServed: 1995 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Andrea Seastrand Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1995 - 1997 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Linda Smith Republican - WashingtonServed: 1995 - 1999 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Helen P. Chenoweth Republican - IdahoServed: 1995 - 2001 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lynn Nancy Rivers Democrat - MichiganServed: 1995 - 2003 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Karen McCarthy Democrat - MissouriServed: 1995 - 2005 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Sue W. Kelly Republican - New YorkServed: 1995 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara L. Cubin Republican - WyomingServed: 1995 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Sheila Jackson Lee Democrat - TexasServed: 1995 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Zoe Lofgren Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1995 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Sue Myrick Republican - North CarolinaServed: 1995 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Juanita Millender-McDonald Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1996 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jo Ann Emerson Republican - MissouriServed: 1996 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Deborah A. Stabenow Democrat - MichiganServed: 1997 - 2001 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Julia May Carson Democrat - IndianaServed: 1997 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Anne Meagher Northup Republican - KentuckyServed: 1997 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Donna M. Christian-Christensen Democrat - Virgin IslandsServed: 1997 - 2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Diana L. DeGette Democrat - ColoradoServed: 1997 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kay Granger Republican - TexasServed: 1997 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Darlene K. Hooley Democrat - OregonServed: 1997 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Stephanie Tubbs Jones Democrat - OhioServed: 1997 - 2008 (died August 20, 2008) Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick Democrat - MichiganServed: 1997 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Carolyn McCarthy Democrat - New YorkServed: 1997 -Â  2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Loretta Sanchez Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1997 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ellen OKane Tauscher Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1997 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary Bono Mack Republican - CaliforniaServed: 1998 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lois Capps Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1998 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Barbara Lee Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1998 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Heather A. Wilson Republican - New MexicoServed: 1998 - 2009 Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Tammy Baldwin Democrat - WisconsinServed: 1999 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Shelley Berkley Democrat - NevadaServed: 1999 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Judy Borg Biggert Republican - IllinoisServed: 1999 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Grace Napolitano Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 1999 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Janice Schakowsky Democrat - IllinoisServed: 1999 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jo Ann Davis Republican - VirginiaServed: 2001 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Melissa A. Hart Republican - PennsylvaniaServed: 2001 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Shelley Moore Capito Republican - West VirginiaServed: 2001 -Â  2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Susan A. Davis Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2001 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Betty McCollum Democrat - MinnesotaServed: 2001 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Hilda L. Solis Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2001 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Diane Edith Watson Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2001 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Denise Majette Democrat - GeorgiaServed: 2003 - 2005 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Katherine Harris Republican - FloridaServed: 2003 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marsha Blackburn Republican - TennesseeServed: 2003 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Madeleine Z. Bordallo Democrat - GuamServed: 2003 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Virginia (Ginny) Brown-Waite Republican - FloridaServed: 2003 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Candice Miller Republican - MichiganServed: 2003 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marilyn N. Musgrave Republican - ColoradoServed: 2003 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Linda T. Snchez Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2003 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Stephanie Herseth Sandlin Democrat - South DakotaServed: 2004 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Melissa Bean Democrat - IllinoisServed: 2005 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Thelma Drake Republican - VirginiaServed: 2005 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Virginia Foxx Republican - North CarolinaServed: 2005 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Cathy McMorris Rodgers Republican - WashingtonServed: 2005 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Gwen Moore Democrat - WisconsinServed: 2005 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Doris Matsui Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2005 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Allyson Schwartz Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 2005 -Â  2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jean Schmidt Republican - OhioServed: 2005 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Debbie Wasserman Schultz Democrat - FloridaServed: 2005 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Shelley Sekula Gibbs Republican - TexasServed: 2006 - 2007 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Michele Bachmann Republican - MinnesotaServed: 2007 -Â  2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nancy Boyda Democrat - KansasServed: 2007 - 2009 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kathy Castor Democrat - FloridaServed: 2007 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Yvette D. Clarke Democrat - New YorkServed: 2007 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary Fallin Republican - OklahomaServed: 2007 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Gabrielle Giffords Democrat - ArizonaServed: 2007 - 2012 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kirsten Gillibrand Democrat - New YorkServed: 2007 - 2009Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mazie Hirono Democrat - HawaiiServed: 2007 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Laura Richardson Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2007 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Carol Shea-Porter Democrat - New HampshireServed: 2007 - 2011, 2013 - 2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Betty Sutton Democrat - OhioServed: 2007 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nicola S. (Niki) Tsongas Democrat - MassachusettsServed: 2007 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Donna Edwards Democrat - MarylandServed: 2008 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Marcia Fudge Democrat - OhioServed: 2008 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jackie Speier Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2008 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kathleen A. (Kathy) Dahlkemper Democrat - PennsylvaniaServed: 2009 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Deborah L. Halvorson Democrat - IllinoisServed: 2009 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Lynn Jenkins Republican - CaliforniaServed: 2009 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Mary Jo Kilroy Democrat - OhioServed: 2009 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ann Kirkpatrick Democrat - ArizonaServed: 2009 - 2011, 2013 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Suzanne Kosmas Democrat - FloridaServed: 2009 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Cynthia Lummis Republican - WyomingServed: 2009 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Betsy Markey Democrat - ColoradoServed: 2009 - 2011 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Chellie Pingree Democrat - MaineServed: 2009 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Dina Titus Democrat - NevadaServed: 2009 - 2011, 2013 - Present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Judy Chu Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2009 - Present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Sandra (Sandy) Adams Republican - FloridaServed: 2011 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Karen Bass Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2011 - present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Diane Black Republican - TennesseeServed: 2011 - present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Ann Marie Buerkle Republican - New YorkServed: 2011 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Renee Ellmers Republican - North CarolinaServed: 2011 - 2017 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Colleen Hanabusa Democrat - HawaiiServed: 2011 -Â  2015 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Vicky Hartzler Republican - MissouriServed: 2011 - present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Nan Hayworth Republican - New YorkServed: 2011 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Jaime Herrera Beutler Republican - WashingtonServed: 2011 - present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kristi Noem Republican - South DakotaServed: 2011 - present Official WebsiteCongressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Martha Roby Republican - AlabamaServed: 2011 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Terri Sewell Democrat - AlabamaServed: 2011 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Frederica Wilson Democrat - FloridaServed: 2011 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Kathy Hochul Democrat - New YorkServed: 2011 - 2013 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Janice Hahn Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2011 - 2016 Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Suzanne Bonamici Democrat - CaliforniaServed: 2012 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Suzan DelBene Democrat - WashingtonServed: 2012 - present Congressional Biographical DirectoryWomen in Congress Biography Joyce Beatty Democrat, OhioServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Susan Brooks Republican, IndianaServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Julia Brownley Democrat, CaliforniaServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Cheri Bustos Democrat, IllinoisServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Tammy Duckworth Democrat, IllinoisServed: 2013 - 2017 (became Senator in 2017) Women in Congress Biography Elizabeth Esty Democrat, ConnecticutServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Lois Frankel Democrat, FloridaServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Tulsi Gabbard Democrat, HawaiiServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Ann McLane Kuster Democrat, New HampshireServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Michelle Lujan Grisham Democrat, New MexicoServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Grace Meng Democrat, New YorkServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Gloria Negrete McLeod Democrat, CaliforniaServed: 2013 - 2015 Women in Congress Biography Kyrsten Sinema Democrat, ArizonaServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Ann Wagner Republican, MissouriServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Jackie Walorski Republican, IndianaServed: 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Robin Kelly Democrat, IllinoisServed: April 11, 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Katherine Clark Democrat, MassachusettsServed: December 10, 2013 - present Women in Congress Biography Alma Adams North CarolinaServed: November 12, 2014 - present Aumua Amata Republican, American Samoa at largeServed: 2015 - present Bonnie Watson Coleman New Jersey, DemocraticServed: 2015 - present Barbara Comstock Republican, VirginiaServed: 2015 - present Deborah Dingell Democratic, MichiganServed: 2015 - present Gwen Graham Democratic, FloridaServed: 2015 - 2017 Brenda Lawrence Democratic, MIchiganServed: 2015 - present Mia Love Republican, UtahServed: 2015 - present Martha McSally Republican, ArizonaServed: 2015 - present Stacey Plaskett Democratic, U.S. Virgin Islands at largeServed: 2015 - present Kathleen Rice Democratic, New YorkServed: 2015 - present Elise Stefanik Republican, New YorkServed: 2015 - present Norma Torres Democratic, CaliforniaServed: 2015 - present Mimi Walters Republican, CaliforniaServed: 2015 - present Nanette Barragn Democratic, CaliforniaServed 2017 - present Lisa Blunt-Rochester Democratic, DelawareServed 2017 - present Liz Cheney Republican, WyomingServed 2017 - present Val Demings Democratic, FloridaServed 2017 - present Jenniffer Gonzlez Republican, Puerto RicoServed 2017 - present Pramila Jayapal Democratic, WashingtonServed 2017 - present Stephanie Murphy Democratic, FloridaServed 2017 - present Jacky Rosen Democratic, NevadaServed 2017 - present Claudia Tenney Republican, New YorkServed 2017 - present For more information about women in the US government, check out our articles on women who have served in the Senate or as governors.

Rhetoric and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetoric and Stereotypes - Essay Example Starting with politicians, it should be mentioned that in the book Critical Thinking (8th edition) by B. N. Moore and R. Parker, all the interesting and humorous political references were Republicans or conservatives. Stereotypes associated with politicians are frequent cheating and lying. Politicians often use proverbs in their rhetoric to illustrate the positive qualities of their ideas and to lend authority and expressiveness to speeches and writing (Mieder, 1997). For instance, Adolf Hitler used proverbs in his infamous treatise Mein Kampf. Hitler outlined the goals of National Socialism through proverbs and especially used proverbial expressions when he spoke out against Jews and Communists, picking up phrases from the Bible and religious traditions to illustrate complete hate and anger against many social groups. Winston Churchill read Mein Kampf in translation and saw through Hitler’s use of proverbs into the heart of evil. Churchill turned the tables on Hitler’s rhetoric and used proverbs himself to raise emotions among the Allies. In many of his famous speeches, Churchill used proverbs to sway his listeners to action (Mieder, 1997, pp. 5-6). Politicians learn early in their careers to use the powers of rhetoric to convince people emotionally and spiritually so they can get their ideas implemented. The next group this essay surveys is tattooed persons. At first it should be mentioned that the tattooing is an art and as such – a language by itself. So the tattooed person’s rhetoric is one extra step removed from spoken language and the tattoos are often hidden. Tattooed persons are rather talked about, not talking themselves (except through the language of art). One of the most frequent questions that a tattooed person hears, right after â€Å"Did that hurt?† is the question â€Å"Why did you do it?† This is a question that has as many answers as there are tattoos